How to Judge your soil mineralization

tnsharpshooter

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I was talking to a gent on the telephone earlier this week,, actually a somewhat experienced detectorist.

The subject of soil mineralization came up,, as this gent has just recently moved to his current location.

Well I feel I need to clarify here to folks in case there are others here who may not understand what soil mineralization does or maybe how to interpret what your metal detector is telling you.

Folks here may use this data,, to consider in their future purchases of a metal detector.. As not all metal detectors are created equal when it comes to performance--- depending on the level of soil minerals.

Now before I get started,, remember depending on your location,, and even within certain areas,, soil mineralization levels can very sometimes just in a few feet.

So how can you tell or what are the hints of your soil mineralization???

Some detectors like the Fisher F series, Makro detectors, Nokta detectors, Xp Deus, and others do have what are called mineralization index meters.

These meters are usually graphs,, with the levels of information they provide directly tied to soil level minerals..and normally a user's manual will shed light on how the graph info presented is reflective of level of ground minerals,,, like low, medium and high.

Now most detectors also have a number that corresponds to a ground phase number,, and many times when a detector is ground balanced this number will appear in the screen of a metal detector... Not all metal detectors have this info,, and some metal detectors don't have adjustable ground balance rather fixed.

Anyway this phase number,,,is NOT to be interpreted as mineral level,,, some folks think jut because the number their detector balances at is high means their ground minerals are high-- not necessarily the case.

An example,,,, my Fisher F75 will balance in my back yard normally with a ground phase reading of 54 approximately, with a bobbing of the coil-- 4 bars comes into the mineralization index graph-- denoting slightly higher than above medium mineralization.

Now just a few days ago,,, I watched a video from a trusted source using the same detector,, Fisher F75,,, he ground balanced his detector and the number 85 came in the window,, but when bobbing his coil only 2 bars showed up.

So my ground in my back yard is higher in mineralization vas the gent in the video--- even though the phase number he got was substantially higher.

I should also point out,,,, for those who have detectors with the mineralization graphs--- they are only accurate with stock coils

Remember the internals of the detector are calibrated to the stock coil,,, and when you bob your coil,,, depending on the coil size,, this will affect the amount of soil being processed by the detector's internals.

So if a person is using a smaller coil--- lower ( inaccurate) minerals graph readings are common.

So what does the higher mineral levels do,, to the operator in the field??

Depending on the mineral level-- cause a depth loss

But this depth loss needs further explanation.

Let's assume a person is using an Ace 250 detector,, a very popular detector,, and a good value for the money.

Let me tell you a little story,,where my brother was in fact using an Ace 250,, while he and I were hunting an old house site.

He gets over this target,, it provided the well known bell tone,,, Vdi came in and said nickel or ring.
So I come over and check with a Minelab etrac and I got a reading of 12-46.
Now the Minelab handles mineral better btw.

Anyway I had a pretty good idea what was about to be unearthed-- and so it was a walking Liberty quarter at approx 5" deep.

Remember the 250 called it a Nickel or ring.

The point here is depending on your detector's ability to indeed handle additional ground minerals,, the mineral will cause target to read incorrectly... Many times it will cause them to read low.

Now a person with experience on a certain model detector will start to see trends-- with this incorrect labeling of buried targets.

And btw,, this higher mineral can cause a detector to read a nonferrous coin as a nail or iron too.

Something else a person can do to help with this hunting in higher mineral,, is if their detector has,,,,is to use their depth meter.

What does this mean??

Let's say you are hunting along and you get a tone,,, a lower tone than say a higher conductive coin like a dime would normally read,, but upon pinpointing you notice the suspicious target is deep. This being deep might be your clue to not trust your metal detector's tone or VDI readings.
And remember your pinpoint can be used to check your targets size,,,, I mean you wouldn't generally dig something that pinpoints like the size of a horse shoe.

And just because your soil is not even medium or higher mineralized ,,,a user can see similar effects with deeper targets.

Remember,, soil even if milder,,, the distance between your coil and say the coin,, the mineral effect adds up.

Your detector less likely to be negatively affected by mineral on a 4" deep target vs a 6" deep target.

Generally when mineral levels are higher,,,a detector will be noisier when sweeping. And also a user in these environments will generally see better performance with a slower sweep speed.

Folks should be watching when detecting for the connection of data,,meaning how their detectors sounds and reads vs different detecting sites. This info especially important for the folks who operate detectors without ground mineralization meters and or fixed ground balanced detectors.

To close,, there is no Vlf metal detector that is not affected by ground mineralization. Now some due to their design and engineering do suffer less effects than other detectors.

Folks who are out enjoying the hobby,, if some day you decide to upgrade your detector,,,one might want to be cognizant of their soil minerals levels in their area and choose a detector accordingly.

Most good detector dealers can help here,,, as they generally sell to customers who use their detectors over wide range of ground around the world and inside the USA.. They do many times receive feedback,,and in doing so can give a good recommendation..

I hope this information helps.
 
Great write up! Could you explain manually ground balancing vs automatic ground balancing?

I've heard some people run the machines different depending on what they're looking for


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Manual ground balancing is just that. A person will set their detector up using ground balance adjustment knob,,then raise and lower their coil,,, if no audio feedback is heard when either the coil is lowered or raised--- good ground balance-- and when one lowers coil,, try to get near the ground but not hit the ground.

You will hear the term mentioned running negative ground balance and running positive ground balance.

One will give the user ground feedback as their coil is lowered,, not raised,,the other will give ground feedback as the coil is raised but not lowered.

Now,, I don't want to mislead anyone hear,,, different detectors,, their ground balance circuits are not all the same-- even though many will give this ground feedback depending if the detector is balanced positive or negative.

Some detectors are more ground balance finicky,,,meaning ground balance needs to be closer to offset the ground setting,,,for the detector to provide good or even marginal signals on deeper nonferrous targets.

A good test garden free of foreign nonferrous and ferrous materials,,,with a user doing test,, can derive just how finicky their detector is,,,and ground level lminerals do affect,,,,so be advised.
 
This is what I love about this forum. It has the most helpful people on the internet. People like yourself have been a great help when I was getting started. And still provide insight to topics that are seldom mentioned in machine manules . Great post thanks so much.
 
Basically a lot of this info here,,means,,, depending on ground mineral levels,,a user needs to learn--- when and how much to believe the 'actuals' of what their detector is telling them.

Detector will lie to user so to speak,,, and give false data.

Things that can happen and be witnessed,,, quarters can be labeled as dimes, dimes can be labeled a pennies,, pennies can be labeled as nickels,, nickels can be labeled as iron. Now these are just examples,, sometimes depending on ground minerals and depth--detector info provided,, it may give a signal on an actual clad or silver quarter to read as tab,, or even a nail.

Nonferrous relics too like 3 ringer civil war bullets,, in higher mineralized ground can read lower ID wise,, and in some of the higher mineralized ground,, the deeper bullets may read as iron.

Now a person can read about a lot of this,,, and they may actually get some insight on how there particular detector may behave-- based on the levels of soil minerals.

And these graphs showing ground mineral levels that some detectors possess,, is a great more ideal way to share information between users.
 
Some good points, however just to keep some things in context, the 250 has no GB manual or auto ability, this is a fixed GB machine which, inherently leads to inaccuracies on deeper targets, in other than neutral ground. Also the lack of VDI Numbers, posses a bit of an issue, not just the fact there are no numbers, just a lot fewer "segments". The his would be like grouping 5-10 VDI's in one segment.

My question for you is how you adjust your machine, based on your ground phase, or mineralization, (other than GB) to get better depth and target ID.
 
Some good points, however just to keep some things in context, the 250 has no GB manual or auto ability, this is a fixed GB machine which, inherently leads to inaccuracies on deeper targets, in other than neutral ground. Also the lack of VDI Numbers, posses a bit of an issue, not just the fact there are no numbers, just a lot fewer "segments". The his would be like grouping 5-10 VDI's in one segment.

My question for you is how you adjust your machine, based on your ground phase, or mineralization, (other than GB) to get better depth and target ID.

Depending on the machine,,and this to get a better signal,, or even any signal to denote a target is indeed nonferrous vs ferrous..

For example,, higher level mineral,, detectors with boost,,, using boost will usually degrade performance on deeper targets, and or make the deeper targets more sweep speed or coil position sensitive...to initially pick the target up while sweeping.

I haven"t talked about EMI here,, but it can cause effects that a might lead a person to think instead they have higher ground minerals in a particular site.

So mitigating for EMI,,and different detectors offer ways others don't to mititgate.

A somewhat smaller coil,, in higher mineral may help as well,,, causing the detector to not see as much mineral.

Coil height above the ground-- some detectors actually perform better on deeper targets when the coil contacts the ground while sweeping,, while other detectors doing such degrades deeper signals.
 
Depending on the machine,,and this to get a better signal,, or even any signal to denote a target is indeed nonferrous vs ferrous..

For example,, higher level mineral,, detectors with boost,,, using boost will usually degrade performance on deeper targets, and or make the deeper targets more sweep speed or coil position sensitive...to initially pick the target up while sweeping.

I haven"t talked about EMI here,, but it can cause effects that a might lead a person to think instead they have higher ground minerals in a particular site.

So mitigating for EMI,,and different detectors offer ways others don't to mititgate.

A somewhat smaller coil,, in higher mineral may help as well,,, causing the detector to not see as much mineral.

Coil height above the ground-- some detectors actually perform better on deeper targets when the coil contacts the ground while sweeping,, while other detectors doing such degrades deeper signals.

Yep, I get that, I use the ground prope feature on one of my machines, and know how to GB them to get better calibration on VDI's but, sorry if I wasn't clear, what adjustments do you make on your detector and why?

I'm the type of person who believes he can learn from anyone, and perhaps their is something you are doing I can pic up and adapt to mine.
 
Yep, I get that, I use the ground prope feature on one of my machines, and know how to GB them to get better calibration on VDI's but, sorry if I wasn't clear, what adjustments do you make on your detector and why?

I'm the type of person who believes he can learn from anyone, and perhaps their is something you are doing I can pic up and adapt to mine.

It depends on the detector,,the site, what kind of finds I'm after, ground moisture, EMI, ground minerals.

Some detectors like V3i, Blisstool series have gain settings--- the gain setting is one of those settings where more is certainly not better many times.

A lot of the more modern detectors,,, don't have a gain adjustment-- makes for simpler and more efficient ops IMO.

And before anyone mentions,,gain on Minelabs-- doesn't appear to be the same thing here.

Higher ground minerals in conjunction with heavy moisture= equals generally less detection depth,,and can cause for noisier detector ops if settings are not adjusted properly.

Tx power-- some detectors have this adjustable,,like Deus and V3i,, and while they can being added depth perforance- minimal,,, most fitting for this higher Tx power setting is to use with less gain to mitigate EMI problems.

Tones--- tone settings and or tone breaks may need to be adjusted-- for folks who hunt by ear,,, remember high mineral soil can cause many targets especially deeper to read low ID wise.

Filter settings-- some detectors have filter settings or silencer settings-- these can be used for filtering,, and can make a detector run quieter,, and also sometimes can be used to better identify bottle caps.

Some detectors actually have a bottle cap reject feature,, this too a filter adjustment as well.

The higher the mineral soil,,, less filtering the better for enhanced depth and or better being able for the user to distinguish nonferrous from ferrous targets.
But remember less filtering can come with a price-- noisier running detector.

And less filtering can depending on the metal detector,, actually enhance its separation abilities when hunting sites loaded with iron and nails.

Discrimination--less is generally better for depth,,but again not all detectors respond the same way depth wise as disc levels are increased.

When hunting sites with loads of nails and iron bits--- best separation,, the ability to pick the most nonferrous out of a site,, disc level needs to be run at the cutting edge-- meaning just enough to make nails give no tone of faulty tone/broken tone. Too much disc will cause your detector's ability to report some of the nonferrous in a site not to be heard-- even though the coil passes right over.

Recovery speed-- too fast or too slow,, can cause a person to miss targets,,and this is directly related to having a correct, more near correct swing speed for the setting. I can't speak for all detectors on this,,, but do know for example a Xp Deus generally is better performer in higher mineral ground with somewhat faster recovery speed selected.

Tracking ground balance-- this tracking ground if a detector allows works,, some detectors I've ran,, some better than others.
I will say some have an inhibit function,, and when this is engaged,, supposed the detector won't track to a good target-- hence fouling up the ground balance.

In more open field hunting is where I really like tracking ground balance.
In sites with loads of both modern trash and or iron--- I tend to shy away from,, rather use a manual ground balance,, or pumping over clean ground adjacent to the littered site.
Now it is not entirely improper and I have had some good results., when hunting sites loaded with iron to dial my ground balance say between 86 and 88 and hunt on,, doing this will generally make the detector run a little quieter, and make targets easier to hear... Remember depth in these type sites not a user primary goal or a detectors possibility even many times.

I should also point out for those using auto ground tracking,, if you ever get a good tone on a target,,, and with repetitive sweeps,, the targets disappears-- DON'T walk off,,, it is very possible for a detector to recognize your good target as a ground anomaly and hence try and track it out-- when this happens, tone disappears,,, users should consider,, reground balancing and going to manual and then attempt to find your possible good target again.

Better ID on deeper targets--- some detectors, not all,, will provide better ID on deeper targets using All Metal,,and high gain or sensitivity.
Folks should experiment with their detectors to see what their detectors offer here on this issue.
 
Ok, thanks for the time, was really looking for a revelation or magic wand. Versus "what to look for"

Pretty familiar with what's covered so far, but still some great info, thanks for taking the time to put your knowledge into print for many.
 
Great thread as usual, TNSS! Thanks for posting this. I've been using my Deus for a little over 2 years, so am pretty familiar/comfortable with it. How do you handle EMI? I've been hunting the yard of a house that got torn down. There are power lines overhead, and I'm assuming wifi from the neighbors, and I seem to be getting EMI regardless of what freq I use (though it's worse at the lower frequencies). What other settings would you try to adjust? I typically run sensitivity around 85, and even as I turn that down it doesn't seem to help much. Any/all advice appreciated.
Rich
 
How much mineralization your soil has is ... complicated.

Phase will determine if your soil is more ferrous, or more conductive (say, like wet beach sand).

At a phase angle of 180 degrees (a vdi of -95), your ground is ferrous. This however is not an indication of HOW ferrous is is. A phase angle of 90 degrees (vdi of 0) is more conductive, most likely due to salts. Again, this is not an indication of the strength of the mineralization. It is just an indication of the type of ground you have.

Ground balance is very important, because it will let you hear the things you want to hear, and has a very real part in determining what the vdi's of your targets appear to be. The quality and effectiveness of ground balance varies from detector to detector. Some much better than others.

Other things in the soil will also affect your VDI - nails, horse shoes, etc - these will drag the vdi numbers of your targets down to appear as lower numbers (quarters appearing as zincolns in some cases). Flake iron will increase the vdi value (making those zincolns appear to be better targets than they are).

Now, as to how you determine how strongly your ground is mineralized - that will vary from detector to detector I suppose. On the V3i, I can check return signals at each frequency (this also takes into consideration EMI and coil null as well). The more signal loss I see, the higher mineralization is. The lower the loss, the lower the mineralization is. I cannot speak for how other detectors convey this information. Generally, you can expect to lose a good deal of depth in highly mineralized ground.

All ground is going to be either ferrous or conductive to some degree. In my neck of the woods, the ground is pretty consistent and runs around -94 to -93 (very ferrous), however, the actual strength of the mineralization is very low (I get on average around 3-5% signal loss on all frequencies). The real variation is in mineralization strength which varies from pretty damn low to a bit below moderate. Others, they are not so lucky and their ground is much more heavily mineralized (20%+ signal loss).
 
Great thread as usual, TNSS! Thanks for posting this. I've been using my Deus for a little over 2 years, so am pretty familiar/comfortable with it. How do you handle EMI? I've been hunting the yard of a house that got torn down. There are power lines overhead, and I'm assuming wifi from the neighbors, and I seem to be getting EMI regardless of what freq I use (though it's worse at the lower frequencies). What other settings would you try to adjust? I typically run sensitivity around 85, and even as I turn that down it doesn't seem to help much. Any/all advice appreciated.
Rich

Well,,one thing about running a Deus,, it will be a little chirpy it seems in almost any setting,, so it is hard to tell sometimes if EMI is even present.

Running the 18khz freq,, I would try that,,,also you might consider running tx power= 3 along with your lower sens of 85,,, and if you are worried about depth,, consider running a setting lower with reactivity,, and then watch your coil movement speed.

And it could be some sites--- due to EMI,, some of the normally depth detectable targets will indeed get away from you,, due to your having to offset your detector with settings to make it seem like it runs quieter
 
A little story to illustrate,,, why this topic is important for folks to understand it affects while detecting.

Just yesterday I was out with a friend detecting,,we didn't find much,, or anything to brag about,,so we picked up,,, and while driving there was this property--- I know the owner,,friendly person,, and I told my friend to stop.

I have wanted to check this properly for soil mineralization levels for a few years now.

So we jumped out,, myself with Xp Deus in hand with 11" coil,, I swept around to make sure the ground was clean. Then commenced to bobbing my coil,, mineralization index meter went almost full scale full,, just 2 dot from being solid--- and for folks here with F75,,, I am pretty sure this is 5 bars on its meter,,could be 6,, but for sure at least 5.

I checked in 6 different places on the ground there--- sure enough all read the same.

So to demonstrate to my friend what this kind of soil can do to a metal detector,,

He uses a F5 Fisher,, so I cut a plug,, kept it intact,, placed a quarter down 6.5" face up,, put the plug on and stomped.

He GB' d his detector and swept the quarter,,,F5 with 6x9" coil was giving broken tone transitioning from tab to iron,,,,he commented he would never dig a target acting like that with his detector.

I checked it with his detector as well,, and also bobbed the coil over clean ground--- Max bars on the mineral meter,, the F5 only has 4 bars though,,but it's scale is doesn't follow say the F75's scale.

All metal would hit the quarter with no problem.

And remember a quarter face up is more towards the huge side of things target size wise in " metal detecting land".

Well I then tried the Xp Deus,, 11" coil,, 18 kHz, reactivity 2, silencer -1,,, got a very good signal,, with a lot of latitude in sweep speed to acquire a good signal.

I have been looking for some hotter ground to both test some detectors as well as hunt,, so now I have a load of acreage to hunt with this super high mineral.

I do want to compare the Xp Deus with both 9 and 11" coils in this hot stuff-- to see if one has any advantage over the other,,,I also have a Blisstool V6 to both hunt here and run some test,, it is supposed to thrive in soil like this.
 
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